Most techs and installers know that drains need to be pitched. I use the rule of thumb that drain lines should generally be pitched 1/4″ per foot of horizontal run. One thing that can easily be forgotten is pitching wall penetrations when drilling. It's as simple as drilling with a slight upward angle if drilling […]

In HVAC systems, liquid and vapor will exist at the same time and place. We call that condition saturation, or we say that the refrigerant is “at saturation.” Phase changes occur in the evaporator and condenser, so these are spots where liquid and vapor coexist while the system is running. Saturated conditions occur whenever liquid […]

Over the years, I have heard technicians say that refrigerant can wear out or “lose its blend” by sitting in a tank. Refrigerant does not wear out or “lose its blend”… at least not like that. What can and does happen is called “fractionation.” Refrigerant blends are composed of a mix of refrigerants with different […]