Fenestration is a fancy architectural term that means “openings in the outside of the building.” You will see this word a lot when you read ACCA manual J or when you are doing a manual J load calculation. Fenestration loads include heat losses and gain through windows, doors, skylights, etc., and they can make up […]

There are many great diagnostic tools available to the service technician today, but I haven't found a tool as versatile as the simple isolation diagnosis. There are many ways this concept can be applied, but let's start with some examples so that you get what I mean. Low Voltage Short Circuit Isolation Diagnosis You arrive […]

We have discussed DTD (design temperature difference) quite a bit for air conditioning applications, but what about refrigeration? Let's start by defining our terms again. Suction Saturation Temperature The saturation temperature is the temperature at which the refrigerant will be at a given pressure if it is currently changing state. This change of state would […]