In HVAC systems, liquid and vapor will exist at the same time and place. We call that condition saturation, or we say that the refrigerant is “at saturation.” Phase changes occur in the evaporator and condenser, so these are spots where liquid and vapor coexist while the system is running. Saturated conditions occur whenever liquid […]

Many of the “old-timers” in our trade are baby boomers; they were likely born after World War II ended and before the mid-1960s. These people grew up in a different time than today’s millennials (Gen Y) and zoomers (Gen Z). As those old-timers continue to retire, our trade needs to start attracting, recruiting, and managing […]

We all understand that vacuum pump oil is the lifeblood of our vacuum pumps. We know what the function of vacuum pump oil is and how it functions. But how do we apply that knowledge when choosing the oil best suited for our pumps? Many of us simply pick up what’s in the stock room […]