Back in the “good old days,” controls were all analog and mechanical; that simply means they acted in a directly connected and variable manner based on a change in force. Both pneumatic (air pressure) and hydraulic (fluid pressure) systems are examples of mechanical or analog controls. When the pressure increases or decreases on a particular […]

The term “short” has become a meaningless phrase in common culture to mean “anything wrong with an electrical device.” A short circuit is a particular fault that can mean one of two things in technical lingo: 1. Any two circuits that are connecting in an undesigned manner This issue would be the case if a […]

Fenestration is a fancy architectural term that means “openings in the outside of the building.” You will see this word a lot when you read ACCA manual J or when you are doing a manual J load calculation. Fenestration loads include heat losses and gain through windows, doors, skylights, etc., and they can make up […]